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The L2 Feature tab exhibits complete standard-based Layer 2 switching capabilities, including: Link Aggregation, 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol, 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol, 802.1s Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol, MAC Address Table, Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) Snooping, Port Mirroring, 802.1ab Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP), and Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) snooping. Utilize these features to configure the switch to your preferences.
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) Snooping allows a switch to forward multicast traffic intelligently. Multicasting is used to support real-time applications such as video conferencing or streaming audio. A multicast server does not have to establish a separate connection with each client. It merely broadcasts its service to the network, and any host that wishes to receive the multicast register with their local multicast switch.
A multicast group is a group of end nodes that want to receive multicast packets from a multicast application. After joining a multicast group, a host node must continue to periodically issue reports to remain a member. Any multicast packets belonging to that multicast group are then forwarded by the switch from the port.
A switch supporting IGMP Snooping can passively snoop on IGMP Query, Report, and Leave packets transferred between IP Multicast switches and IP Multicast hosts to determine the IP Multicast group membership. IGMP Snooping checks IGMP packets passing through the network and configures multicasting accordingly. Based on the IGMP query and report messages, the switch forwards traffic only to the ports that request the multicast traffic. It enables the switch to forward packets of multicast groups to those ports that have validated host nodes. The switch can also limit flooding of traffic to IGMP designated ports. This improves network performance by restricting the multicast packets only to switch ports where host nodes are located. IGMP Snooping significantly reduces overall Multicast traffic passing through your switch. Without IGMP Snooping, Multicast traffic is treated in the same manner as a broadcast transmission, which forwards packets to all ports on the network.
Click to enable or disable the IGMP Snooping feature for the switch. Next, select whether you wish to use V2 or V3. Finally, select whether you wish to enable or disable the Report Suppression feature for the switch.
Click Apply to update the system settings.
Use the IGMP Snooping VLAN Settings to configure IGMP Snooping settings for VLANs on the system. The switch performs IGMP Snooping on VLANs that send IGMP packets. You can specify the VLANs that IGMP Snooping should be performed on. Choose from the drop-down box whether to enable or disable IGMP Snooping. Next, choose to enable or disable Fast Leave for the VLAN ID.
If Fast Leave is not used, a multicast querier will send a GS-query message when an IGMPv2/v3 group leave message is received. The querier stops forwarding traffic for that group only if no host replies to the query within the specified timeout period. If Fast Leave is enabled, the switch assumes that only one host is connected to the port. Therefore, Fast Leave should only be enabled on a port if it is connected to only one IGMP-enabled device.
Fast Leave is supported only with IGMPv2 or IGMPv3 Snooping when IGMP Snooping is enabled. Fast Leave does not apply to a port if the switch has learned that a multicast querier is attached to it.
Fast Leave can improve bandwidth usage for a network which frequently experiences many IGMP host add and leave requests.
IGMP Snooping requires that one central switch to periodically query all end devices on the network to announce their multicast memberships and this central device is the IGMP querier. The snooping switch sends out periodic queries with a time interval equal to the configured querier query interval. The IGMP query keeps the switch updated with the current multicast group membership information. If the switch does not receive the updated membership information, then it will stop forwarding multicasts to specified VLANs.
The Group List displays VLAN ID, group IP address, and members port in the IGMP Snooping list.
The Router Settings shows the learned multicast router attached port if the port is active and a member of the VLAN. Select the VLAN ID you would like to configure and enter the Static and Forbidden ports for the specified VLAN IDs. All IGMP packets snooped by the switch will be forwarded to the multicast router reachable from the port.
The MAC address table contains address information that the switch uses to forward traffic between the inbound and outbound ports. All MAC addresses in the address table are associated with one or more ports. When the switch receives traffic on a port, it searches the Ethernet switching table for the MAC address of the destination. If the MAC address is not found, the traffic is flooded out all the other ports associated with the VLAN. All the MAC address that the switch learns by monitoring traffic are stored in the dynamic address. A static address allows you to manually enter a MAC address to configure a specific port and VLAN.
The address table lists the destination MAC address, the associated VLAN ID, and port number associated with the address. When you specify a static MAC address, you set the MAC address to a VLAN and a port; thus, it makes an entry into its forwarding table. These entries are then used to forward packets through the switch. Static MAC addresses along with the switch's port security allow only devices in the MAC address table on a port to access the switch.
The switch will automatically learn the device's MAC address and store it to the dynamic MAC address table. If there is no packet received from the device within the aging time, the switch adopts an aging mechanism for updating the tables from which MAC address entries will be removed from related network devices. The dynamic MAC address table shows the MAC addresses and their associated VLANs learned on the selected port.
The function will help user to locate the connected device or the incoming port on the EWS switch for wireless connected clients to managed APs.
Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) is the IEEE 802.1AB standard for switches to advertise their identity, major capabilities, and neighbors on the 802 LAN. LLDP allows users to view the discovered information to identify system topology and detect faulty configurations on the LAN. LLDP is essentially a neighbor discovery protocol that uses Ethernet connectivity to advertise information to devices on the same LAN and store information about the network. The information transmitted in LLDP advertisements flow in one direction only: from one device to its neighbors. This information allows the device to quickly identify a variety of other devices, resulting in a LAN that interoperates smoothly and efficiently.
LLDP transmits information as packets called LLDP Data Units (LLDPDUs). A single LLDPDU is transmitted within a single 802.3 Ethernet frame. A basic LLDPDU consists of a set of Type-Length-Value elements (TLV), each of which contains information about the device. A single LLDPDU contains multiple TLVs. TLVs are short information elements that communicate complex data. Each TLV advertises a single type of information.
Select whether to enable or disable the LLDP feature on the switch. Next, enter the Transmission Interval, Holdtime Multiplier, Reinitialization Delay parameter, and the Transmit Delay parameter. When finished, click Apply to update the system settings.
LLDP devices must support chassis and port ID advertisement, as well as the system name, system ID, system description, and system capability advertisements. Here, you can view detailed LLDP information for the switch.
LLDP devices must support chassis and port ID advertisement, as well as the system name, system ID, system description, and system capability advertisements. From here you can view detailed LLDP Information for the remote device.
Click the Apply button to accept the changes or the Cancel button to discard them.
Click the Apply button to accept the changes or the Cancel button to discard them.
Click the Apply button to accept the changes or the Cancel button to discard them.
Click the Apply button to accept the changes or the Cancel button to discard them.
Items
Descriptions
Status
Select to enable or disable IGMP Snooping on the switch. The switch snoops all IGMP packets it receives to determine which segments should receive packets directed to the group address when enabled. The default setting is: Disabled.
Version
Select the IGMP version you wish to use. If an IGMP packet received by the interface has a version higher than the specified version, this packet will be dropped.
Report Suppression
Select whether Report Suppression is Enabled or Disabled for IGMP Snooping. The Report Suppression feature limits the amount of membership reports the member sends to multicast capable routers.
Unregistered IPMCv4 Forward Action
Select either Flood or Drop for IP Multicast forward action.
Items
Descriptions
VLAN ID
Displays the VLAN ID.
IGMP Snooping Status
Enables or disables the IGMP Snooping feature for the specified VLAN ID.
Fast Leave
Enables or disables the IGMP Snooping Fast Leave for the specified VLAN ID. Enabling this feature allows the switch to immediately remove the Layer 2 LAN port from its forwarding table entry upon receiving an IGMP leave message without first sending out IGMP group-specific (GS) queries to the port.
Items
Descriptions
VLAN ID
Displays the VLAN ID.
Querier State
Select whether to enable or disable the IGMP querier state for the specified VLAN ID.
A querier can periodically ask their hosts if they wish to receive multicast traffic. The querier feature will check whether hosts wish to receive multicast traffic when enabled. An elected querier will assume the role of querying the LAN for group members and then propagate the service requests onto any upstream multicast switch to ensure that it will continue to receive the multicast service. This feature is only supported for IGMPv1 and v2 snooping.
Querier Version
Enter the version of IGMP packet that will be sent by this port. If an IGMP packet received by the port has a version higher than the specified version, this packet will be dropped.
Robustness
Provides fine-tuning to allow for expected packet loss on a subnet. It is used in calculating the following IGMP message intervals. The default is 2.
Interval
Enter the amount of time in seconds between general query transmissions. The default is 125 seconds.
Oper Interval
Displays the IGMP Interval of the operational querier.
Max Response Interval
Enter the maximum response time used in the queries that are sent by the snooping querier. The default is 10 seconds.
Oper Max Response Interval
Displays the maximum response time used in the queries that are sent by the snooping querier.
Last Member Query Counter
Enter the number of the operational last member querier.
Oper Last Member Query Counter
Enter the number of IGMP group-specific queries sent before the switch assumes there are no local members.
Last Member Query Interval
Enter the time between two consecutive group-specific queries that are sent by the querier including those sent in response to leave group messages. You might lower this interval to reduce the amount of time it takes a querier to detect the loss of the last member of a group.
Oper Last Member Query Interval
Displays the operational last member query interval sent by the elected querier.
Items
Descriptions
VLAN ID
Displays the VLAN ID.
Router Ports Auto Learned
The switch will auto detect the presence of a multicast router and forward IGMP packets accordingly.
Dynamic Port List
Displays router ports that have been dynamically configured.
Forbidden Port List
Designates a range of ports as being disconnected to multicast-enabled routers. Ensures that the forbidden router port will not propagate routing packets out.
Static Port list
Designates a range of ports as being connected to multicast-enabled routers. Ensures that all the packets will reach the multicast-enabled router.
Index | Displays the index for the static MAC address table. |
Port | Select the port where the MAC address entered in the previous field will be automatically forwarded. |
VID | Enter the VLAN ID on which the IGMP Snooping querier is administratively enabled and for which the VLAN exists in the VLAN database. |
MAC Address | Enter a unicast MAC address for which the switch has forwarding or filtering information. |
Items | Descriptions |
Index | Displays the index for the dynamic MAC address table. |
Port | Select the port to which the entry refers. |
VID | Displays the VLAN ID corresponding to the MAC address. |
MAC Address | Displays the MAC addresses that the switch learned from a specific port. |
State | Select Enabled or Disabled to activate LLDP for the switch. |
Transmission Interval | Enter the interval at which LLDP advertisement updates are sent. The default value is 30. The range is from 5 to 32768. |
Holdtime Multiplier | Enter the amount of time that LLDP packets are held before packets are discarded and measured in multiples of the Advertised Interval. The default is 4. The range is from 2 to 10. |
Reinitialization Delay | Enter the amount of time of delay before reinitializing LLDP. The default is 2. The range is from 1 to 10. |
Transmit Delay | Enter the amount of time that passes between successive LLDP frame transmissions. The default is 2 seconds. The range is from 1 to 8191 seconds. |
Chassis ID Subtype | Displays the chassis ID type. |
Chassis ID | Displays the chassis ID of the device transmitting the LLDP frame. |
System Name | Displays the administratively assigned device name. |
System Description | Describes the device. |
Capabilities Supported | Describes the device functions. |
Capabilities Enabled | Describes the device functions. |
Port ID Subtype | Displays the port ID type. |
Items | Descriptions |
Port | Displays the port. |
Chassis ID Subtype | Displays the chassis ID type. |
Chassis ID | Displays the chassis ID of the device that is transmitting the LLDP frame. |
Port ID Subtype | Displays the port ID type. |
Remote ID | Displays the remote ID. |
System Name | Displays the administratively assigned device name. |
Time to Live | Displays the time to live. |
Auto-Negotiation Supported | Displays state for the auto-negotiation supported. |
Auto-Negotiation Enabled | Displays state for the auto-negotiation enabled. |
Auto-Negotiation Advertised Capabilities | Displays the type of auto-negotiation advertised capabilities. |
Operational MAU Type | Displays the type of MAU. |
802.3 Maximum Frame Size | Displays the maximum size of 802.3 maximum frame. |
802.3 Link Aggregation Capabilities | Displays the 802.3 Link Aggregation capabilities. |
802.3 Link Aggregation Status | Displays the status of 802.3 Link Aggregation. |
802.3 Link Aggregation Port ID | Displays the port ID of 802.3 Link Aggregation. |
IGMPv1
Defined in RFC 1112. An explicit join message is sent to the switch, but a timeout is used to determine when hosts leave a group.
IGMPv2
Defined in RFC 2236. Adds an explicit leave message to the join message so that the switch can more easily determine when a group has no interested listeners on a LAN.
IGMPv3
Defined in RFC 3376. Support for a single source of content for a multicast group.
A Link Aggregation Group (LAG) optimizes port usage by linking a group of ports together to form a single, logical, higher-bandwidth link. Aggregating ports multiplies the bandwidth and increases port flexibility for the switch. Link Aggregation is most used to link a bandwidth intensive network device (or devices), such as a server, to the backbone of a network.
The participating ports are called members of a port trunk group. Since all ports of the trunk group must be configured to operate in the same manner, the configuration of one port of the trunk group is applied to all ports of the trunk group. Thus, you will only need to configure one of any of the ports in a trunk group. A specific data communication packet will always be transmitted over the same port in a trunk group. This ensures the delivery of individual frames of a data communication packet will be received in the correct order. The traffic load of the LAG will be balanced among the ports according to aggregate arithmetic. If the connections of one or several ports are broken, the traffic of these ports will be transmitted on the normal portsto guarantee reliable connection.
When you aggregate ports, the ports and LAG must fulfill the following conditions:
All ports within a LAG must be the same media/format type.
A VLAN is not configured on the port.
The port is not assigned to another LAG.
The Auto-negotiation mode is not configured on the port.
The port is in full-duplex mode.
All ports in the LAG have the same ingress filtering and tagged modes.
All ports in the LAG have the same back pressure and flow control modes.
All ports in the LAG have the same priority.
All ports in the LAG have the same transceiver type.
Ports can be configured as LACP ports only if the ports are not part of a previously configured LAG.
LACP is a dynamic protocol which helps to automate the configuration and maintenance of LAGs. The main purpose of LACP is to automatically configure individual links to an aggregate bundle, while adding new links and helping to recover from link failures if the need arises. LACP can monitor to verify if all the links are connected to the authorized group. LACP is a standard in computer networking; hence, LACP should be enabled on the switch's trunk ports initially for both the participating switches/devices that support the standard, to use it.
Port trunking allows you to assign physical links to one logical link that functions as a single, higher-speed link, providing dramatically increased bandwidth. Use port trunking to bundle multiple connections and use the combined bandwidth as if it were a single larger “pipe.”
Important: You must enable Trunk Mode before you can add a port to a trunk group.
Click Apply to save settings.
Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) allows the exchange of information regarding the link aggregation between two members of the aggregation. The LACP Time Out value is measured in a periodic interval. Check first whether the port in the trunk group is up. When the interval expires, it will be removed from the trunk. Set a Short Timeout (one second) for busy trunked links to ensure that disabled ports are removed from the trunk group as soon as possible. The default value for LACP time out is Long Timeout.
Click Apply to save settings.
Mirror settings mirror network traffic by forwarding copies of incoming and outgoing packets from specific ports to a monitoring port. The packet that is copied to the monitoring port will be the same format as the original packet.
Port mirroring is useful for network monitoring and can be used as a diagnostic tool. Use port mirroring to send traffic to applications that analyze traffic for purposes such as monitoring compliance, detecting intrusions, monitoring, and predicting traffic patterns, and other correlating events. Port mirroring is needed for traffic analysis on a switch because a switch normally sends packets only to the port to which the destination device is connected. The analyzer captures and evaluates the data without affecting the client on the original port. Port mirroring can consume significant CPU resources while active, so be cautious of such usage when configuring the switch.
Note
You cannot mirror a faster port onto a slower port. For example, if you try to mirror the traffic from a 100Mbps port onto a 10Mbps port, this can cause throughput problems. The port you are copying frames from should always support an equal or lower speed than the port to which you are sending the copies. Please note a target port and a source port cannot be the same port.
The Spanning Tree Algorithm (STA) can be used to detect and disable network loops, and to provide backup links between switches. This allows the switch to interact with other bridging devices in your network to ensure that only one route exists between any two stations on the network and provide backup links which automatically take over when a primary link goes down.
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) provides a tree topology for the switch. There are different types of Spanning tree versions supported, including Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) IEEE 802.1D, Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) IEEE 802.1w, and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) IEEE 802.1s. Please note that only one spanning tree can be active on the switch at a time.
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a Layer 2 protocol that runs on switches. Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) allows you to ensure that you do not create loops when you have redundant paths in the network. STP provides a single active path between two devices on a network in order to prevent loops from being formed when the switch is interconnected via multiple paths.
STP uses a distributed algorithm to select a bridging device that serves as the root for the spanning tree network. It does this by selecting a root port on each bridging device to incur the lowest path cost when forwarding a packet from that device to the root device. It then selects a designated bridging device from each LAN which incurs the lowest path cost when forwarding a packet from that LAN to the root device. Next, all ports connected to designated bridging devices are assigned as designated ports. After determining the lowest cost spanning tree, it enables all root ports and designated ports, disabling all other ports. Network packets are therefore only forwarded between root ports and designated ports, eliminating any possible network loops. STP provides a single active path between two devices on a network in order to prevent loops from being formed when the switch is interconnected via multiple paths.
Once a stable network topology has been established, all bridges listen for Hello Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) transmitted from the Root Bridge of the Spanning Tree. If a bridge does not receive a Hello BPDU after a predefined interval (known as the Maximum Age), the bridge will assume that the link to the Root Bridge is down and unavailable. This bridge then initiates negotiations with other bridges to reconfigure the network to reestablish a valid network topology.
Loops occur when alternate routes exist between hosts. Loops in an extended network can cause the switch to forward traffic indefinitely, resulting in increased traffic and reducing network efficiency. Once the STP is enabled and configured, primary links are established, and duplicated links are blocked automatically. The reactivation of the blocked links is also automatic.
STP provides a tree topology and other Spanning tree versions supported include STP, Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP), and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP). Please note that only one spanning tree can be active on the switch at a time. The default setting is RSTP.
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) defined in IEEE 802.1s, enables multiple VLANs to be mapped to reduce the number of spanning-tree instances needed to support many VLANs. If there is only one VLAN in the network, a single STP works fine.
If the network contains more than one VLAN, however, the logical network configured by a single STP would work, but it becomes more efficient to use the alternate paths available by using an alternate spanning tree for different VLANs or groups of VLANs. MSTP (which is based on RSTP for fast convergence) is designed to support independent spanning trees based on VLAN groups. MSTP provides multiple forwarding paths for data traffic and enables load balancing.
STP and RSTP prevent loops from forming by ensuring that only one path exists between the end nodes in your network. RSTP is designed as a general replacement for the slower, legacy STP. RSTP is also incorporated into MSTP. With STP, convergence can take up to a minute to complete in a larger network. This can result in the loss of communication between various parts of the network during the convergence process so STP can subsequently lose data packets during transmission.
RSTP on the other hand is much faster than STP. It can complete a convergence in seconds, so it greatly diminishes the possible impact the process can have on your network compared to STP. RSTP reduces the number of state changes before active ports start learning, predefining an alternate route that can be used when a node or port fails and retain the forwarding database for ports insensitive to changes in the tree structure when reconfiguration occurs.
Select whether to enable or disable the Spanning Tree function for the switch. Next, select whether you wish to enable STP, RSTP, or MSTP. Again, please note that only one Spanning tree function can be active at a time.
Click Apply to save settings.
The Root Bridge serves as an administrative point for all Spanning Tree calculations to determine which redundant links to block in order to prevent network loops. From here, you can view all the information regarding the Root Bridge within the STP.
All other decisions in a spanning tree network, such as ports being blocked and ports being put in a forwarding mode, are made regarding a root bridge. The root bridge is the “root” of the constructed “tree” within a spanning tree network. Thus, the root bridge is the bridge with the lowest bridge ID in the spanning tree network. The bridge ID includes two parts: the bridge priority (2 bytes) and the bridge MAC address (6 bytes). The 802.1d default bridge priority is 32768. STP devices exchange Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) periodically. All bridges “listen” for Hello BPDUs (Bridge Protocol Data Units) transmitted from the root bridge. If a bridge does not get a Hello BPDU after a predefined interval (called the Maximum Age), the bridge assumes that the link to the root bridge is down. The bridge then initiates negotiations with other bridges to reconfigure the network to re-establish a valid network topology.
The Common Instance Spanning Tree (CIST) protocol is formed by the spanning tree algorithm running among bridges that support the IEEE 802.1w, IEEE 802.1s, and IEEE 802.1D standards. A Common and Internal Spanning Tree (CIST) represents the connectivity of the entire network and it is equivalent to a spanning tree in an STP/RSTP.
The CIST inside a Multiple Spanning Tree instance (MST) region is the same as the CST outside a region. All regions are bound together using a CIST, which is responsible for creating loop-free topology across regions, whereas the MSTI controls topology inside regions. CST instances allow different regions to communicate between themselves. CST is also used for traffic within the region for any VLANs not covered by a MSTI. In an MSTP-enabled network, there is only one CIST that runs between MST regions and single spanning tree devices. A network may contain multiple MST regions and other network segments running RSTP. Multiple regions and other STP bridges are interconnected using a single CST.
Enter the information to set up CIST for the switch:
Click Apply to update the system settings.
Use the CIST Ports Settings page to configure and view STA attributes for interfaces when the spanning tree mode is set to STP or RSTP. You may use a different priority or path cost for ports of the same media type to indicate a preferred path or edge port to indicate if the attached device can support fast forwarding or link type to indicate a point-to-point connection or shared-media connection.
Click Apply to update the system settings.
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol, or MSTP enables the grouping of multiple VLANs with the same topology requirements into one Multiple Spanning Tree Instance (MSTI). MSTP then builds an Internal Spanning Tree (IST) for the region containing commonly configured MSTP bridges. Instances are not supported in STP or RSTP. Instead, they have the same spanning tree in common within the VLAN. MSTP provides the capability to logically divide a Layer 2 network into regions. Every region can contain multiple instances of spanning trees. In MSTP, all the interconnected bridges that have the same MSTP configuration comprise an MST region.
A Common Spanning Tree (CST) interconnects all adjacent MST regions and acts as a virtual bridge node for communications between STP or RSTP nodes in the global network. MSTP connects all bridges and LAN segments with a single Common and Internal Spanning Tree (CIST). The CIST is formed as a result of the running spanning tree algorithm between switches that support STP, RSTP, and MSTP protocols. Once you specify the VLANs you wish to include in a Multiple Spanning Tree Instance (MSTI), the protocol will automatically build an MSTI tree to maintain connectivity among each of the VLANs. MSTP maintains contact with the global network because each instance is treated as an RSTP node in the Common Spanning Tree (CST).
Click the Edit button to configure the MST settings. Next, enter information for the VLAN List and choose the priority you wish to use from the drop-down list.
This page displays the current MSTI configuration information for the switch. From here you can update the port configuration for an MSTI ID. If a loop occurs, the MSTP function will use the port priority to select an interface to put into the forwarding state. Set a higher priority value for ports you wish to be selected for forwarding first. In instances where the priority value is identical, the MSTP function will implement the lowest MAC address into the forwarding state and other interfaces will be blocked. Note that lower priority values mean higher priorities for forwarding packets.
Click Apply to update the system settings.
Click the Apply button to accept the changes or the Cancel button to discard them. Assign a system priority to run with Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP), which will become a backup link if another link goes down. The lowest system priority can make decisions about which ports it is actively running in case a link goes down. If two or more ports have the same LACP port priority, the port with the lowest physical port number will be selected as the backup port. If a LAG already exists with the maximum number of allowed port members, and LACP is subsequently enabled on another port using a higher priority than an existing member, the newly configured port will replace the existing port member that has a lower priority. A smaller number indicates a higher priority level. The range is from 0-65535 and default is 32768.
Click the Apply button to accept the changes or the Cancel button to discard them.
Click the Apply button to accept the changes or the Cancel button to discard them.
Items
Descriptions
Group
Displays the number of the given trunk group. You can utilize up to 8 link aggregation groups with each group consisting up to 8 ports on the switch.
Active Ports
Displays the active participating members of the trunk group.
Member Port
Select the ports you wish to add to the trunk group. Up to eight ports per group can be assigned.
Static: The Link Aggregation is configured manually for specified trunk group.
LACP: The Link Aggregation is configured dynamically for specified trunk group.
Mode
LACP allows for the automatic detection of links in a port trunking group when connected to a LACP-compliant switch. You will need to ensure that both the switch and the device it’s connected to are in the same mode for them to function; otherwise, they will not work. Static configuration is used when connecting to a switch that does not support LACP.
System Priority
Enter the LACP priority value to the system. The default is 32768 and the range is from 1 to 65535.
Timeout
Select the administrative LACP timeout.
Long Timeout: The LACP PDU will be sent for every 30 seconds. The LACP timeout value is 90 seconds. Short Timeout: The LACP PDU will be sent every second. The timeout value is 3 seconds.
Items
Descriptions
Session ID
A number identifying the mirror session. This switch only supports up to 4 mirror sessions.
Destination Port
Select the port for traffic purposes from source ports mirrored to this port.
Source TX/RX Port
Sets the source port from which traffic will be mirrored.
TX Port: Only frames transmitted from this port are mirrored to the destination port.
RX Port: Only frames received on this port are mirrored to the destination port.
Both: Frames received and transmitted on this port are mirrored to the specified destination port.
None: Disables mirroring for this port.
Ingress State
Select whether to enable or disable ingress traffic forwarding.
Session State
Select whether to enable or disable port mirroring.
STP
Select whether to enable or disable the spanning tree operation on the switch.
Force Version
Select the Force Protocol Version parameter for the switch.
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol): IEEE 802.1D
RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol): IEEE 802.1w
MSTP (Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol): IEEE 802.1s
Items
Descriptions
Root Address
Displays the root bridge MAC address. Root in root bridge refers to the base of the spanning tree, which the switch could be configured for.
Priority
Displays the priority for the bridge. When switches are running STP, each is assigned a priority. After exchanging BPDUs, the switch with the lowest priority value becomes the root bridge.
Forward Delay
Displays the Switch Forward Delay Time. This is the time (in seconds) the root switch will wait before changing states (called listening to learning).
Maximum Age
Displays the bridge Switch Maximum Age Time. This is the amount of time a bridge waits before sending a configuration message. The default is 20 seconds.
Hello Time
Displays the Switch Hello Time. This is the amount of time a bridge remains in a listening and learning state before forwarding packets. The default is 15 seconds.
Items
Descriptions
Priority
Select from the list to specify the priority of the switch for comparison in the CIST. CIST priority is an important criterion in determining the root bridge. Under the same condition, the switch with the highest priority will be chosen as the root bridge. A lower value has a higher priority. The default value is 32768 and should be an exact divisor of 4096.
Maximum Hop
Used to set the number of hops between devices in a spanning tree region before the BPDU packet sent by the switch is discarded. Each switch on the hop count will reduce the hop count by one until the value reaches zero. The switch will then discard the BDPU packet and the information held for the port will age out. The user may set a hop countfrom 6 to 40. The default value is: 20.
Forward Delay
Enter the bridge forward delay time, which indicates the amount of time in seconds that a bridge remains in a listening and learning state before forwarding packets. The value must be greater or equal to (Bridge Max
Age/2) + 1. The time range is from 4 seconds to 30 seconds. The default value is 15 seconds.
Maximum Age
The Max Age may be set to ensure that old information does not endlessly circulate through redundant paths in the network, preventing the effective propagation of new information. Set by the Root Bridge, this value will aid in determining that the switch has spanning tree configuration values consistent with other devices on the bridged
LAN. The user may choose a time between 6 and 40 seconds. The default value is 20 seconds.
TX Hold Count
Enter the maximum number of Hello packets transmitted per interval. The count can be specified from 1 to 10. The default is 6.
Hello Time
Enter the switch’s Hello Time. This is the interval between two transmissions of BPDU packets sent by the Root Bridge to verify that it is the Root Bridge. The Hello Time range is from 1 to 10 seconds. The default Hello Time is 2 seconds.
Items
Descriptions
Port
Port or trunked port identifier.
Priority
Defines the priority used for this port in the Spanning Tree Algorithm. If the path cost for all ports on a switch is the same, the port with the highest priority (i.e., lowest value) will be configured as an active link in the Spanning Tree. This makes a port with higher priority less likely to be blocked if the Spanning Tree Algorithm is detecting network loops. When more than one port is assigned the highest priority, the port with lowest numeric identifier will be enabled. The range is from 0 to 240, in steps of 16; and the default is 128.
Internal Path Cost Conf/Oper
The Internal Path Cost setting allows you to specify the relative cost of sending spanning tree traffic through the interface to adjacent bridges within a spanning tree region.
External Path Cost Conf/Oper
The External Path Cost setting is used to calculate the cost of sending spanning tree traffic through the interface to reach an adjacent spanning tree region. The spanning tree algorithm tries to minimize the total path cost between each point of the tree and the root bridge.
Designated Root Bridge
Displays the root bridge for the CST. It is comprised using the bridge priority and the base MAC address of the bridge.
Internal Root Cost
This is the cost to the CIST regional root in a region.
External Root Cost
External root cost is the cost to the CIST root.
Regional Root Bridge
This is the bridge identifier of the CST regional root. It is made up using the bridge priority and the base MAC address of the bridge.
Internal Port Cost
Enter the cost of the port.
Edge Port Conf/Oper
Displays the edge port state.
Designated Bridge
This is the bridge identifier of the bridge of the designated port. It is made up using the bridge priority and the base MAC address of the bridge.
Port Role
Each MST bridge port that is enabled is assigned a port role within each spanning tree. The port role will be one of the following values: Root Port, Designated Port, Alternate Port, Backup Port, Master Port, or Disabled.
Port State
The forwarding state of this port. The state parameters are Discarding, Learning, Forwarding, or Disabled.
MST ID
Displays the ID of the MST group that is created. A maximum of 15 groups can be set for the switch.
VLAN List
Enter the VLAN ID range for the configured VLANs to associate with the MST ID. The VLAN ID number range is from 1 to 4094.
Priority
Select the bridge priority value for the MST. When switches or bridges are running STP, each is assigned a priority. After exchanging BPDUs, the switch with the lowest priority value becomes the root bridge. The default value is 32768. The range is from 0 to 61440. The bridge priority is a multiple of 4096.
Regional Root Bridge
This is the bridge identifier of the CST regional root. It is made up using the bridge priority and the base MAC address of the bridge.
Internal Root Cost
Displays the path cost to the designated root for the MST instance.
Designated Bridge
Displays the bridge identifier of the bridge with the designated port. It is made up using the bridge priority and the base MAC address of the bridge.
Root Port
Displays the port that accesses the designated root for MST instance.
Items
Descriptions
MST ID
Displays the ID of the MST group that is created. A maximum of 15 groups can be set for the switch.
Port
Displays port or trunked port ID.
Priority
Select the bridge priority value for the MST. When switches or bridges are running STP, each is assigned a priority. After exchanging BPDUs, the switch with the lowest priority value becomes the root bridge. The bridge priority is a multiple of 4096. If you specify a priority that is not a multiple of 4096, the priority is automatically set to the next lowest priority that is a multiple of 4096. For example, if you set the priority to any value from 0 through 4095, the priority is set to 0. The default priority is 32768. The valid range is from 0 to 61440.
Internal Path Cost Conf
The Internal Path Cost setting allows you to specify the relative cost of sending spanning tree traffic through the interface to adjacent bridges within a spanning tree region.
Internal Path Cost Oper
Displays the operation cost of the path from this bridge to the root bridge.
Regional Root Bridge
This is the bridge identifier of the CST regional root. It is made up using the bridge priority and the base MAC address of the bridge.
Internal Root Cost
Displays the path cost to the designated root for the selected MST instance.
Designated Bridge
Displays the bridge identifier of the bridge for the designated port. It is made up using the bridge priority and the base MAC address of the bridge.
Internal Port Cost
This parameter is set to represent the relative cost of forwarding packets to specified ports when an interface is selected within an STP instance. Selecting this parameter with a value in the range of 1 to 200000000 will set the quickest route when a loop occurs. A lower internal cost represents a quicker transmission. Selecting 0 (zero) for this parameter will set the quickest optimal route automatically for an interface.
Port Role:
Each MST bridge port that is enabled is assigned a port role for each spanning tree. The port role is one of the following values: Root, Designated, Alternate, Backup, Master, or Disabled.
Port State
Indicates the current STP state of a port. If enabled, the port state determines what forwarding action is taken regarding traffic. The possible port states are:
Disabled: STP is disabled on the port. The port forwards traffic while learning MAC addresses.
Blocking: The port is blocked and cannot be used to forward traffic or learn MAC addresses.
Listening: The port is in listening mode. The port cannot forward traffic or learn MAC addresses in this state.
Learning: The port is in learning mode. The port cannot forward traffic. However, it can learn new MAC addresses.
Forwarding: The port is in forwarding mode. The port can forward traffic and learn new MAC addresses in this state.
Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) Snooping operates on the IPv6 traffic level for discovering multicast listeners on a directly attached port and performs a similar function to IGMP Snooping for IPv4. MLD snooping allows the switch to examine MLD packets and make forwarding decisions based on content. MLD Snooping limits IPv6 multicast traffic by dynamically configuring the switch port so that multicast traffic is forwarded only to those ports that wish to receive it. This reduces the flooding of IPv6 multicast packets in the specified VLANs. Both IGMP and MLD Snooping can be active at the same time.
Click Apply to update the system settings.
If the Fast Leave feature is not used, a multicast querier will send a GS-query message when an MLD group leave message is received. The querier stops forwarding traffic for that group only if no host replies to the query within the specified timeout period. If Fast Leave is enabled, the switch assumes that only one host is connected to the port. Therefore, Fast Leave should only be enabled on a port if it is connected to only one MLD-enabled device.
Fast Leave does not apply to a port if the switch has learned that a multicast querier is attached to it. Fast Leave can improve bandwidth usage for a network which frequently experiences many MLD host add and leave requests.
Select from the drop-down list whether to enable or disable MLD Snooping. Next, select to enable or disable Fast Leave for the specified VLAN ID.
The Group List displays the VLAN ID, IPv6 address, and members port in the MLD Snooping List.
The Router Settings feature shows the learned multicast router attached port if the port is active and a member of the VLAN. Select the VLAN ID you would like to configure and enter the static and forbidden ports for the specified VLAN IDs that are utilizing MLD Snooping. All MLD packets snooped by the switch will be forwarded to the multicast router reachable from the port.
Ethernet has used the 1500-byte frame size since its inception. Jumbo frames are network-layer PDUs that have a size much larger than the typical 1500-byte Ethernet Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) size. Jumbo frames extend Ethernet to 9000 bytes, making them large enough to carry an 8 KB application datagram plus packet header overhead. If you intend to leave the local area network at high speeds, the dynamics of TCP will require you to use large frame sizes.
The switch supports a jumbo frame size of up to 9216 bytes. Jumbo frames need to be configured to work on the ingress and egress port of each device along the end-to-end transmission path. Furthermore, all devices in the network must also be consistent on the maximum jumbo frame size, so it is important to do a thorough investigation of all your devices in the communication paths to validate their settings.
Click Apply to update the system settings.
Click the Apply button to accept the changes or the Cancel button to discard them.
Click the Apply button to accept the changes or the Cancel button to discard them.
MLD Snooping Status
Select to Enable or Disable MLD Snooping on the switch. The switch
snoops all MLD packets it receives to determine which segments should receive packets directed to the group address when enabled.
MLD Snooping Version
Select the MLD version you wish to use. If an MLD packet received by the interface has a version higher than the specified version, this packet will be dropped.
MLD Snooping Report
Suppression
The report suppression feature limits the amount of membership reports the member sends to multicast capable routers.
VLAN ID
Displays the VLAN ID.
MLD Snooping Status
Select to enable or disable the MLD snooping feature for the specified VLAN ID.
Fast Leave
Enables or disables the MLD snooping Fast Leave feature for the specified VLAN ID. Enabling this feature allows the switch to immediately remove the Layer 2 LAN port from its forwarding table entry upon receiving an MLD leave message without first sending out an MLD group-specific (GS) query to the port.
VLAN ID
Displays the VLAN ID.
Router Ports Auto Learned
The switch will automatically detect the presence of a multicast router and forward MLD packets accordingly.
Dynamic Port List
Displays router ports that have been dynamically configured.
Static Port List
Designates a range of ports as being connected to multicast-enabled routers. Ensure that all the packets will reach the multicast-enabled router.
Forbidden Port List
Designates a range of ports as being disconnected to multicast-enabled routers. Ensures that the forbidden router port will not propagate routing packets out.
Items
Jumbo Frame
Enter the size of jumbo frame. The range is from 1522 to 9216 bytes.
